The arrival of domestic animals from Eurasia to the Americas is little explored in the history of European colonization. Cattle played a central role in this process, with their products being essential in the daily life of early settlers. The introduction of cattle to New France is documented through writings and archaeological discoveries. The first herds were imported as early as 1541, but these transfers from France abruptly ceased by the late 17th century. The initial stock, which could be the origin of the Canadian cattle variety, remained genetically isolated until the early 19th century.
The archaeological findings of early colonial cattle offer new perspectives on this phenomenon. This research project combines bone studies with genetic analysis to describe cattle populations from different archaeological sites. It represents an advancement by integrating biomolecular approaches into the study of the introduction of domestic animals in North America, while contributing to the preservation of the Canadian breed.
The analysis of ancient DNA will help clarify the geographical origin of the initial stock and the population movements that influenced its composition. This data will support efforts to preserve this iconic breed in the province, currently at risk.